Schizophrenia and psychosis are among the most misunderstood and stigmatised mental health conditions. The reality is more hopeful than the stereotypes suggest: with early, evidence-based treatment, many people recover well and lead full lives. Understanding the symptoms — and acting early — makes a real difference.
What psychosis is
Psychosis is a state in which a person loses some contact with reality. It’s a symptom that can occur in several conditions — including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, severe depression, and in response to substances or medical conditions — not a diagnosis in itself.
Symptoms of schizophrenia and psychosis
These are usually grouped into:
- Positive symptoms (experiences added to reality): hallucinations (often hearing voices), and delusions (fixed beliefs not based in reality).
- Negative symptoms (things reduced or lost): reduced motivation, social withdrawal, flattened emotion, reduced speech.
- Cognitive symptoms: difficulties with concentration, memory and organising thoughts.
Early warning signs
Psychosis often develops gradually, and recognising the early signs matters because early treatment improves outcomes:
- Social withdrawal and dropping usual activities
- A decline in functioning at work or study
- Unusual or increasingly odd beliefs
- Suspiciousness or feeling that something has changed
- Trouble thinking clearly; sleep and mood changes
Why early help matters
Early intervention in psychosis leads to better recovery. If you or someone you love is experiencing these symptoms, it’s important to seek help promptly rather than waiting. Treatment typically combines medication, psychological support, and practical help with daily life, and is usually coordinated by a psychiatrist.
If someone is at immediate risk, or experiencing distressing hallucinations or thoughts of harm, call 000 or go to your nearest emergency department. For non-urgent support, speak to a GP, or our online psychiatry service can help — read about our psychosis care or book an appointment with a referral.
This article is general information, not medical advice. In a crisis, call Lifeline on 13 11 14 or 000.